Plantar fasciitis is characterized by stiffness and inflammation of the plantar fascia (fibrous connective tissue) on the plantar (bottom) aspect of the foot. It is occasionally associated with a bone spur on the heel. There may also be a partial or complete tear of the fascia on the bottom of the foot.

Common Signs and Symptoms
Pain and tenderness on the sole of the foot usually localized at the heel bone with standing or walking, and the pain is particularly noticeable with the first few steps after getting out of bed in the morning or after prolonged sitting.

Causes
Inflexibility in the calf muscles, Flat (planus) or high (cavus) arched feet, Unhealthy foot pronation, Excessive body weight, Poor footwear, Repetitive microtrauma or stress to the heel tissues that may cause inflammation or calcification of the fascia of the foot, and Irritation of the small nerve that runs under the foot where the fascia attached to the heel bone.

Preventative Measures
Appropriate stretching and warm-up prior to activity, Maintaining appropriate conditioning:
Calf, ankle and foot flexibility, Strength and endurance, Cardiovascular fitness, and Ideal body weight.  Avoid activities that put a constant strain on the foot, and Wear appropriate footwear.

Management
Custom foot orthoses and footwear prescription, Strassburg sock, Prescribed weight loss, Stretching the calf muscles and plantar fascia, and Taping.

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